{"id":42,"date":"2024-06-17T12:53:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T04:53:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swreader.com\/?p=42"},"modified":"2024-06-17T18:02:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-17T10:02:04","slug":"ssl%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swreader.com\/index.php\/2024\/06\/17\/ssl%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"SSL\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

SSL\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n

SSL\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Handshake\uff09<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    SSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aefHello<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHello\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301\u7684SSL\/TLS\u7248\u672c\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5957\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u670d\u52a1\u5668Hello<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Hello\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u968f\u673a\u6570\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9881\u53d1\u8005\uff08CA\uff09\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u540a\u9500\uff08CRL\u68c0\u67e5\uff09\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u57df\u540d\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5bc6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Cipher Spec\uff09<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecAES\uff08Advanced Encryption Standard\uff09\u3001RC4\uff08\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3001ChaCha20\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801\uff08MAC\uff09\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \u4e00\u65e6\u901a\u4fe1\u5b8c\u6210\u6216\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5e38\u7684TCP\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7SSL\u7684CloseNotify\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6307\u793a\u5bf9\u65b9\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      SSL\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \n

        \u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a
        \nSSL\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u6216\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u534f\u5546\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a
        \nSSL\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u516c\u94a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u57df\u540d\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u5217\u8868\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u5411\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a
        \nSSL\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801\uff08MAC\uff09\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u5305\u542bMAC\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a
        \nSSL\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6062\u590d\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u91cd\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
        \nSSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982RSA\u3001Diffie-Hellman\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982AES\u3001ChaCha20\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a
        \nSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u7531\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u9881\u53d1\u8005\uff08Issuer\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b7e\u53d1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684CA\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u4e3b\u4f53\uff08Subject\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u6240\u5c5e\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u6709\u6548\u671f\uff08Validity Period\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u516c\u94a5\uff08Public Key\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8eSSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/li>\n
        • **\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff08Digital Signature\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          SSL\/TLS\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7248\u672c<\/h3>\n

          SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          • SSL 1.0\u3001SSL 2.0\u3001SSL 3.0<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
          • TLS 1.0\u3001TLS 1.1\u3001TLS 1.2\u3001TLS 1.3<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3aSSL\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u590d\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002TLS 1.2\u548cTLS 1.3\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            SSL\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651<\/h3>\n

            \u5c3d\u7ba1SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651\uff1a<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528TLS 1.2\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u8bc1\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u52a0\u5bc6\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u671f\u8bc4\u4f30\u52a0\u5bc6\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884cSSL\/TLS\u914d\u7f6e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7b26\u5408\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n

              SSL\/TLS\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6cc4\u9732\u548c\u7be1\u6539\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              SSL\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8be6\u89e3 SSL\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a \u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Handshake\uff09: SSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a \u5ba2\u6237\u7aefHello\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHello\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301\u7684SSL\/TLS\u7248\u672c\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5957\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002 \u670d\u52a1\u5668Hello\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Hello\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u968f\u673a\u6570\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 \u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9881\u53d1\u8005\uff08CA\uff09\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u540a\u9500\uff08CRL\u68c0\u67e5\uff09\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u57df\u540d\u7b49\u3002 \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u5bc6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3002 \u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Cipher Spec\uff09: \u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecAES\uff08Advanced Encryption Standard\uff09\u3001RC4\uff08\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3001ChaCha20\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801\uff08MAC\uff09\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002 \u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5: \u4e00\u65e6\u901a\u4fe1\u5b8c\u6210\u6216\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5e38\u7684TCP\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7SSL\u7684CloseNotify\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6307\u793a\u5bf9\u65b9\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 SSL\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651 \u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1a SSL\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u6216\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u534f\u5546\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 \u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a SSL\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u516c\u94a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u57df\u540d\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u5217\u8868\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u5411\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 \u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff1a SSL\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801\uff08MAC\uff09\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u5305\u542bMAC\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002 \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a SSL\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6062\u590d\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u91cd\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u534f\u5546\u597d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982RSA\u3001Diffie-Hellman\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982AES\u3001ChaCha20\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002 SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u7531\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a \u9881\u53d1\u8005\uff08Issuer\uff09\uff1a\u7b7e\u53d1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684CA\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4e3b\u4f53\uff08Subject\uff09\uff1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u6240\u5c5e\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u6709\u6548\u671f\uff08Validity Period\uff09\uff1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u3002 \u516c\u94a5\uff08Public Key\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8eSSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002 **\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff08Digital Signature\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002 SSL\/TLS\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7248\u672c SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a SSL 1.0\u3001SSL 2.0\u3001SSL 3.0\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\u3002 TLS 1.0\u3001TLS 1.1\u3001TLS 1.2\u3001TLS 1.3\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3aSSL\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u590d\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002TLS 1.2\u548cTLS 1.3\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u6027\u3002 SSL\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651 \u5c3d\u7ba1SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651\uff1a \u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528TLS 1.2\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 \u8bc1\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 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